A Tаle оf Twо Hоrmones A Cаse Study аbout Diabetes Insipidus and Diabetes Mellitus Karen and Jennifer are two young girls, 12 years of age, who go everywhere together. Like other girls they enjoy movies, music, shopping, etc. Among these similarities they have something else in common, both girls have diabetes. Each is unaware of her medical condition, but that is about to change as the symptoms appear. Both girls start to notice how they are always thirsty and frequently urinating. The urinating even occurs at night and each girl has to get up several times each night to go to the bathroom. Each girl almost always has some kind of drink in her hand, whether it is a soft drink, soda, etc. The girls’ mothers have recognized the frequent nighttime urination and the occasional bed wetting. In addition, Karen is also very fatigued and even though she is always eating, she has lost weight over the last several months. Karen’s mother notices that even though the two girls are the same height, there is a noticeable difference in their weights. Karen weighs 36kg (80lbs) and Jennifer weighs 48kg (105lbs). The mothers notice that these habits are unusual for the girls and decide to take them to the doctor. The two mothers take the girls to the doctor and when the doctor hears of the frequent urination and constant thirst, he immediately suspects diabetes. Now that the doctor suspects diabetes, he must determine if the girls have the disease and if so, what type? The doctor asks questions of the girls and runs tests. He finds the following: Karen Jennifer normal levels Insulin levels (fasting) 0 µU/mL 22 µU/mL 6-26 µU/mL ADH levels 3.2 pg/mL 0 pg/mL prolonged 0-4.7 pg/mL Urine output? 3-4L/day 3-4L/day 1ml/kg/hr Water consumption? 3-4L/day 3-4L/day 2.1L/day Ketones in urine? Positive Negative Negative Blood glucose levels? 510 mg/dL fasting 95 mg/dL fasting 80-120 mg/dL Glucose in urine? Positive Negative Negative Any fatigue? Yes No Weight loss? Yes No Blood pH? 7.25 7.4 7.35-7.45 Sweet smell to breath? Yes No Respiration? 25 breaths/minute 14 breaths/minute 12-15 What type of diabetes does Karen have?
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