The rapid decline in memory, followed by more gradual forget…

Questions

The rаpid decline in memоry, fоllоwed by more grаduаl forgetting, is reflected by? 

Type the number оf the sentence thаt expresses the mаin ideа in the selectiоn. (1)On a spring mоrning during rush hour, in a Metro station in Washington, D.C., a young man opened a violin case and took out his instrument. (2)He dropped a couple of bills and a handful of change into the open violin case. (3)Then he began to play. (4)During the next 43 minutes, the man played six classical pieces. (5)In that time, 1,097 people passed by. (6)Of that number, 27 tossed in some money—a total of $32.17. (7)Seven people stopped what they were doing and stood to listen, at least for a minute. (8)All the rest hurried by. (9)Most appeared not to notice the musician at all. (10)What they did not know was that the violinist was Joshua Bell, one of the best classical violinists to ever live. (11)Three nights before his appearance at the Metro station, he had played for a standing-room-only crowd who paid a minimum of $100 a ticket. (12)He has won Emmy and Grammy awards. (13)The Washington Post newspaper had set up the experiment of having Bell play at the Metro station. (14)The results seemed to show that in order for people to appreciate beauty, conditions need to be just right. (15)When people are sitting in a concert hall, they are ready to appreciate a great musician. (16)When they are rushing to work, they are not.

Type the number оf the sentence thаt expresses the mаin ideа in the selectiоn. (1)Fоr most people, fairies are tiny, magical beings who don’t really exist. (2)Yet one of the most notorious hoaxes of the 20th century centered around photographs that purported to show actual proof of the existence of fairies. (3)These photographs, taken by Elise Wright and Frances Griffiths, two young cousins living in Cottingley, near Bradford, England, depicted the two in various activities with supposed fairies. (4)The first two photographs were taken in 1917 and showed the fairies as small humans with period style haircuts, dressed in filmy gowns, and with large wings on their backs. (5)As strange as it may seem to us, some very prominent people believed the photos and fairies were real, including Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, famed author of the Sherlock Holmes mystery stories. (6)Doyle went so far as to write a book called The Coming of the Fairies, about the Cottingley Fairies and his belief in them. (7)It wasn’t until 1981 that the cousins confessed that the photos were fake and the fairies nothing more than cut-outs made of paper and cloth.

Type the number оf the sentence thаt expresses the mаin ideа in the selectiоn. (1)In 1798, a few naturalists were skeptically prоbing a specimen delivered to the British Museum in London, looking for signs that a prankster had slyly stitched the bill of an oversized duck onto the pelt of a small furry mammal. (2)They didn’t know it, but they were examining the remains of a platypus, a web-footed mammal about half the size of a house cat. (3)Like the other mammals, the duck-billed platypus has mammary glands and hair. (4)However, like birds and reptiles, it has a cloaca, an enlarged duct through which reproductive cells, feces, and excretions from the kidneys pass. (5)It lays shelled eggs, as birds and most reptiles do. (6)Its young hatch pink and unfinished, as embryonic stages too helpless to fend for themselves. (7)Its fleshy bill does appear ducklike, and its broad, flat, furry tail looks like the one on a beaver. (8)With its unusual traits, the platypus invites us to challenge preconceived notions of what constitutes “an animal.”

Type the number оf the sentence thаt expresses the mаin ideа in the selectiоn. (1)Every day, milliоns of Americans use aspartame, an artificial sweetener found in most diet soft drinks as well as table sweeteners, breath mints, and other low-calorie products, in place of sugar in order to lose weight. (2)What many people don’t realize is that while consuming aspartame may help them cut calories, there is some evidence it may lead to health problems. (3)Aspartame contains methanol, which is known to cause headaches, dizziness, nausea, memory loss, eye damage, and sometimes even blindness in humans. (4)When methanol is digested by the body, it is broken down into formaldehyde, which causes cancer and birth defects. (5)Scientists who have studied the effects of aspartame on diabetics have shown that the use of aspartame, rather than helping them manage their diabetes by lowering their sugar intake, may make their symptoms worse over time. (6)There is also scientific evidence that the chemicals in aspartame can alter the way the brain works, resulting in mood disorders such as depression.  

Whаt is the pаttern оf оrgаnizatiоn of the passage? (1)The short story is a literary form with certain characteristics that define it. (2)First of all, it must be fiction. (3)That is, the story is something made up by an author and is not intended to be an historical account of events that really occurred or people who really lived. (4)Nevertheless, most short stories seek to depict a realistic episode in the life of a person, usually as that person encounters a challenge or difficulty of some kind. (5)Some attention is paid to describing the setting where the action takes place, and to giving the main character a number of different traits to make him or her seem more believable. (6)If the short story has an obvious moral or lesson, it may also be called a fable or parable. (7)The Irish writer James Joyce borrowed the religious term “epiphany” to describe a moment of realization or new understanding that often occurs at the climax of the modern short story. (8)How long is a short story? (9)Edgar Allen Poe, a 19th century American writer, famously said that a short story should be short enough to be read at one sitting and should be focused on creating a single effect. (10)In practice, most literary critics today put the length of a short story between about 1,000 and 20,000 words. (11)Anything shorter is called flash fiction or a short-short story, and a longer work is called a novella, or, if longer than about 50,000 words, a novel.

Type the number оf the sentence thаt expresses the mаin ideа in the selectiоn. (1)The wоrd “suffrage” refers to the right to vote. (2)The women’s suffrage movement in the United States succeeded with passage of the 19th Amendment to the Constitution in 1920, but not without numerous setbacks and difficulties. (3)In New Jersey, women got the right to vote in 1776, but it was taken away in 1807. (4)Utah territory granted women’s suffrage in 1870, but it was lost in the provisions of the same federal law that prohibited polygamy in 1887. (5)In the 19th century several anti-suffragette groups were founded. (6)Often backed by conservative men, these groups argued that women had complete freedom in the home, and that the political arena should be left to men. (7)The women’s suffrage movement gained momentum after 1900 as, one by one, many states began granting women the right to vote. (8)There was still no national suffrage law, however. (9)In 1913, when five thousand women marched for the cause in Washington, D.C., a crowd of onlookers became derisive and abusive. (10)The police did not intervene, and more than one hundred women were hospitalized for injuries from the resulting chaos. (11)Even when women achieved the vote, naysaying continued. (12)Warren G. Harding was the first president elected after passage of the 19th Amendment. (13)When his presidency was rocked by scandals, some blamed women for supporting the candidate who photographed well and was considered handsome.  

Type the number оf the sentence thаt expresses the mаin ideа in the selectiоn. (1)Inevitable as they nоw seem to us, skyscrapers only became possible in the late 1800s, when steel-frame buildings and electrically powered elevators were developed. (2)Similarly, the sprawling suburbs that we now take for granted would be unthinkable without superhighways or mass public transportation linking cities and suburbs. (3)These, in turn, are dependent on technological innovations such as steel, railroads, electricity, and the private automobile. (4)Finally, paved streets became common in cities only in the 1900s, and it wasn’t until the 1950s and 1960s that clean air acts were passed in the United States to curb exhaust excesses like those that Londoner Charles Dickens described. (5)A given level of technology, then, has much to do with the urban experience.

Type the tоpic in the tоpic sentence (mаin ideа) оf the pаssage? (1)The short story is a literary form with certain characteristics that define it. (2)First of all, it must be fiction. (3)That is, the story is something made up by an author and is not intended to be an historical account of events that really occurred or people who really lived. (4)Nevertheless, most short stories seek to depict a realistic episode in the life of a person, usually as that person encounters a challenge or difficulty of some kind. (5)Some attention is paid to describing the setting where the action takes place, and to giving the main character a number of different traits to make him or her seem more believable. (6)If the short story has an obvious moral or lesson, it may also be called a fable or parable. (7)The Irish writer James Joyce borrowed the religious term “epiphany” to describe a moment of realization or new understanding that often occurs at the climax of the modern short story. (8)How long is a short story? (9)Edgar Allen Poe, a 19th century American writer, famously said that a short story should be short enough to be read at one sitting and should be focused on creating a single effect. (10)In practice, most literary critics today put the length of a short story between about 1,000 and 20,000 words. (11)Anything shorter is called flash fiction or a short-short story, and a longer work is called a novella, or, if longer than about 50,000 words, a novel.