A 63-yeаr оld mаn seeks medicаl attentiоn fоr painless hematuria. His primary care physician refers him to the This-Is-Going-To-Hurt Medical Associates of Tampa Bay. There, a cystoscopy is performed and a large papillary lesion is collected from the patient's bladder. Upon histologic examination of the biopsied material indicating keratin positive epithelial cells with high nuclear:cytoplasmic ratios, the pathologist suggests presence of carcinoma. The pathologist also notes that the tumor has invaded the epithelial basement membrane, but is contained within the bladder wall. Further clinical examination and abdominal CT scans shows that the lesion is confined to the bladder and that there is no evidence of lymph node involvement. Following the case conference, the patient’s bladder cancer is designated as T2N0M0. This means the tumor:
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