One оf the mоst cоmmon instruments used in biology is the microscope. The invention of the microscope revolutionized biology. It helped estаblish thаt living things аre made of cells and that microorganisms exist that are invisible to the naked eye. Microscopes are valuable tools in biology because they can increase both the magnification and resolution of the observed specimen. Magnification refers to the apparent size of the specimen, whereas resolution refers to the clarity of seeing two objects as distinctly separate.The magnification power of a compound light microscope is determined by its ocular and the objective, which is why we refer to the microscope as a compound light microscope. A typical ocular has a magnification power of ten (10X). The objectives are magnifying lenses fastened on the rotating nosepiece. The objectives on student microscopes are 4X, 10X, 40X, and sometimes 100X (for oil immersion). To calculate the total magnification of the specimen, one would multiply the ocular power by the objective power as below: Total magnification = magnification of ocular X magnification of objective used We will be introducing a compound light microscope by first acquainting you with the parts and functions of the parts of the microscope and then by viewing a variety of cell specimens. Eukaryotic cells are those that contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotic cells, or bacterial cells, are much smaller in size and do not contain a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. MICROSCOPE FIELD OF VIEWWhen you look into a microscope that has the power turned on, you should see a bright circle. This bright circle of light shows you the area of the slide that is being magnified and is called the field of view. As you increase objective magnification power, the field of view gets smaller. This does not mean the bright circle that you see through the microscope becomes smaller. It simply means a smaller area of the slide is being magnified. One can use the diameter of the field of view to estimate the size of the object that is being observed under the microscope.To estimate the size of the object observed, use the following steps: Select a suitable magnification for size estimation. It is important that you choose a magnification that allows you to observe the entire object. If the object is very small, use the highest magnification available for your estimation. Place the object in the center of the field of view. Estimate the number of objects that can fit across the diameter of the field of view. Estimated object size = Diameter of the chosen field of view ÷ Estimated number of object across the diameter of the field of view.
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