DIRECTIONS: Mаtch eаch underlined wоrd with а wоrd frоm the box that has the same meaning. data detect foundation laboratories massive precise random schedule track zone Iceland seems far away from the world's population centers, but volcanic activity there has an impact on global travel. The country is located on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, where two tectonic plates meet. Because of this, the small area has a tectonic base of 30 active volcanoes.In 2010, one of the smaller volcanoes erupted and caused a huge disruption in air travel between North America and Europe. Ash from the Eyjafjallajokul volcano resulted in the cancellation of over 100,000 flights that normally fly over the Atlantic. The timing changes also affected passengers to Asia and Africa. The changes were necessary because ash can ruin aircraft engines and cause crashes.Scientists find it difficult to predict the exact time that volcanoes will erupt. Although eruptions seem without pattern, research on prediction is continuing. Volcano specialists have dug deep into the sides of the mountains. They try to sense changes in the liquid lava or magma stored in the volcano. In their scientific workshops, they conduct experiments and keep a record of past occurrences to understand how volcanoes work. They hope to use this information to predict when to warn airlines that it's unsafe to fly near the ash clouds.They hope to use this information to predict when to warn airlines that it's unsafe to fly near the ash clouds.________________
DIRECTIONS: Reаd eаch sentence. Decide if the use оf the underlined wоrd in eаch sentence makes the statement T (true) оr F (false).A witness is someone who didn't actually see a robbery, but heard about it on the news.
DIRECTIONS: Mаtch eаch underlined wоrd with а wоrd frоm the box that has the same meaning. data detect foundation laboratories massive precise random schedule track zone Iceland seems far away from the world's population centers, but volcanic activity there has an impact on global travel. The country is located on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, where two tectonic plates meet. Because of this, the small area has a tectonic base of 30 active volcanoes.In 2010, one of the smaller volcanoes erupted and caused a huge disruption in air travel between North America and Europe. Ash from the Eyjafjallajokul volcano resulted in the cancellation of over 100,000 flights that normally fly over the Atlantic. The timing changes also affected passengers to Asia and Africa. The changes were necessary because ash can ruin aircraft engines and cause crashes.Scientists find it difficult to predict the exact time that volcanoes will erupt. Although eruptions seem without pattern, research on prediction is continuing. Volcano specialists have dug deep into the sides of the mountains. They try to sense changes in the liquid lava or magma stored in the volcano. In their scientific workshops, they conduct experiments and keep a record of past occurrences to understand how volcanoes work. They hope to use this information to predict when to warn airlines that it's unsafe to fly near the ash clouds.Because of this, the small area has a tectonic underground base with 30 active volcanoes.________________
DIRECTIONS: Reаd eаch sentence. Decide if the use оf the underlined wоrd in eаch sentence makes the statement T (true) оr F (false).Your children and grandchildren are your ancestors.
DIRECTIONS: Mаtch eаch underlined wоrd with а wоrd frоm the box that has the same meaning. data detect foundation laboratories massive precise random schedule track zone Iceland seems far away from the world's population centers, but volcanic activity there has an impact on global travel. The country is located on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, where two tectonic plates meet. Because of this, the small area has a tectonic base of 30 active volcanoes.In 2010, one of the smaller volcanoes erupted and caused a huge disruption in air travel between North America and Europe. Ash from the Eyjafjallajokul volcano resulted in the cancellation of over 100,000 flights that normally fly over the Atlantic. The timing changes also affected passengers to Asia and Africa. The changes were necessary because ash can ruin aircraft engines and cause crashes.Scientists find it difficult to predict the exact time that volcanoes will erupt. Although eruptions seem without pattern, research on prediction is continuing. Volcano specialists have dug deep into the sides of the mountains. They try to sense changes in the liquid lava or magma stored in the volcano. In their scientific workshops, they conduct experiments and keep a record of past occurrences to understand how volcanoes work. They hope to use this information to predict when to warn airlines that it's unsafe to fly near the ash clouds.Because of this, the small area has a tectonic base with 30 active volcanoes.________________
DIRECTIONS: Chооse the best аnswer fоr eаch question. Sаcred Summits [A] Volcanoes are creators and destroyers. They can shape lands and cultures, but can also cause great destruction and loss of life. Two of the best-known examples are found at opposite ends of the world, on the Pacific Ring of Fire.Symbol of Japan[B] It's almost sunrise near the summit of Japan's Mount Fuji. Exhausted climbers, many of whom have hiked the 3,776 meters through the night to reach this point, stop to watch as the sun begins spreading its golden rays across the mountain. For the climbers, this is an important moment. They have witnessed the dawn on Mount Fuji - the highest point in Japan.[C] Mount Fuji is a sacred site. Japan's native religion, Shintoism, considers Fuji a holy place. Other people believe the mountain and its waters have the power to make a sick person well. For many, climbing Fuji is also a rite of passage. Some do it as part of a religious journey; for others, it is a test of strength. Whatever their reason, reaching the top in order to stand on Fuji's summit at sunrise is a must for many Japanese. Every July and August, hundreds of thousands attempt to do so.[D] Fuji is more than a sacred site and tourist destination, however. It is also an active volcano around which four million people have settled, and it sits just 112 kilometers from the crowded streets of Tokyo. The last time Fuji erupted, in 1707, it sent out a cloud of ash that covered the capital city and darkened the skies for weeks.[E] Today, new information has some volcanologists concerned that Fuji may soon erupt again. According to Motoo Ukawa and his associates at the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention, there has been an increase in activity under Fuji recently. This activity may be caused by low-frequency earthquakes. Understanding what causes these quakes may help scientists predict when Fuji will come back to life. In the meantime, locals living near Fuji hold special festivals each year to offer gifts to the goddess of the volcano - as they have for generations - so that she will not erupt and destroy the land and its people below.Mexico's Threatening Mountain[F] Halfway across the globe from Fuji, Popocatepetl - one of the world's tallest and most dangerous active volcanoes - stands just 70 kilometers southeast of Mexico City. Although the volcano (whose name means "smoking mountain") has erupted many times over the centuries, scientists believe its last great eruption occurred around AD 820. In recent years, Popocatepetl is once again threatening the lives of the people near the mountain; in December 2000, almost 26,000 people were evacuated when El Popo - as Mexicans call the mountain - started to send out ash and smoke. As with all active volcanoes, the question is not if it will erupt again (an eruption is inevitable); the question is when it will happen.[G] "Every volcano works in a different way," explains Carlos Valdes Gonzalez, a scientist who monitors El Popo. "What we're trying to learn here are the symptoms signaling that El Popo will erupt." These include earthquakes, or any sign that the mountain's surface is changing or expanding. The hope is that scientists will be able to warn people in the surrounding areas so they have enough time to evacuate. A powerful eruption could displace over 20 million people - people whose lives can be saved if the warning is delivered early enough.[H] For many people living near El Popo - especially farmers - abandoning their land is unthinkable. As anyone who farms near a volcano knows, the world's richest soils are volcanic. They produce bananas and coffee in Central America, fine wines in California, and enormous amounts of rice in Indonesia.[I] Today, many people continue to see El Popo as their ancestors did. According to ancient beliefs, a volcano can be a god, a mountain, and a human all at the same time. To appease El Popo and to ensure rain and a good harvest, locals begin a cycle of ceremonies that starts in March and ends in August. Carrying food and gifts for the volcano, they hike up the mountain. Near the summit, they present their offerings, asking the volcano to protect and provide for one more season.What is the author's main purpose in writing this piece?
DIRECTIONS: Chооse the best аnswer fоr eаch question. Sаcred Summits Mexico's Threatening Mountain[F] Halfway across the globe from Fuji, Popocatepetl - one of the world's tallest and most dangerous active volcanoes - stands just 70 kilometers southeast of Mexico City. Although the volcano (whose name means "smoking mountain") has erupted many times over the centuries, scientists believe its last great eruption occurred around AD 820. In recent years, Popocatepetl is once again threatening the lives of the people near the mountain; in December 2000, almost 26,000 people were evacuated when El Popo - as Mexicans call the mountain - started to send out ash and smoke. As with all active volcanoes, the question is not if it will erupt again (an eruption is inevitable); the question is when it will happen.[G] "Every volcano works in a different way," explains Carlos Valdes Gonzalez, a scientist who monitors El Popo. "What we're trying to learn here are the symptoms signaling that El Popo will erupt." These include earthquakes, or any sign that the mountain's surface is changing or expanding. The hope is that scientists will be able to warn people in the surrounding areas so they have enough time to evacuate. A powerful eruption could displace over 20 million people - people whose lives can be saved if the warning is delivered early enough.What is the main idea of paragraph G?
DIRECTIONS: Reаd eаch sentence. Decide if the use оf the underlined wоrd in eаch sentence makes the statement T (true) оr F (false).Most of the civilians displaced by the war could not return to their homes.
DIRECTIONS: Chооse the best аnswer fоr eаch question. Dаmage Control [A] Measuring the scale of a natural disaster is not easy. Tornados, hurricanes, and volcanic eruptions are typically measured according to their intensity. Part of this measurement includes the amount of destruction that the incident can inflict on the natural setting, as well as on human life. Tornados, for example, are measured on what is known as the Fujita Scale. While the weakest tornados are classified as F0s, those that are the most powerful and destructive are classified as F5s.[B] Perhaps the most famous of these measurement scales, however, is the Richter Scale - the system for measuring the strengths of earthquakes. Most earthquakes that have been recorded in the modern era have fallen somewhere between 0 and 9. At the lower end of the scale, earthquakes that register between 2.5 and 5.4 can be felt on the Earth's surface, but only cause minor damage. Those below 2.5, while technology designed to monitor seismic activity can capture movement, cannot be felt at all. By contrast, at the higher end of the Richter Scale, seismic activity that registers above 8 are considered catastrophic - capable of causing massive damage at the epicenter of the earthquake.[C] Despite the usefulness of these scales, however, it is essential to keep in mind that the raw strength of a natural disaster does not directly correlate with the amount of death and destruction that it leaves in its wake.1 Rather, researchers have come to understand that high levels of preparation for such events can dramatically reduce the negative impact that they can have on a society. [D] Internationally, the most impressive case of this preparedness is Japan. Given its location on several fault lines,2 the Japanese government and Japanese companies have spent billions of dollars preparing their buildings as well as public infrastructure for the possibility of a major earthquake. In Tokyo, nearly 90 percent of buildings have been designed to survive the impact of major earthquakes. As one example of this commitment to earthquake-proof engineering, many towers in Japan are built upon special foundations that allow them to slightly slide when the ground begins to shake. Furthermore, Japanese bullet trains are programmed to immediately stop once an earthquake has been detected somewhere nearby. [E] By contrast, experts have suggested that the United States is nowhere near as prepared if a massive earthquake were to hit the highly vulnerable West Coast. While some buildings and public utilities have been built to withstand a major earthquake, projects such as these have been in the minority. Since many seismologists3 have predicted that a major earthquake along the U.S. West Coast is almost inevitable in the next 100 years, some believe that the Americans are taking an incredible gamble. For these critics, taking inspiration from the Japanese and committing to a higher level of preparedness is the only path to take. By doing so, future earthquakes need not be described as "major" or "great," despite the use of measurement systems like the Richter Scale.1 If something happens in the wake of an event, it happens afterwards as a result of the event.2 A fault line is a location on the Earth's surface that is very likely to experience earthquakes.3 A seismologist is a scientist who studies earthquakes.What is this passage mainly about?