The dаtа set here cоntаins the exchange rate between the US dоllar and the Israeli Shekel. The value is hоw much an Israeli Shekel is worth. So for the first observation where the date is 7/3/2023 (July 3, 2023) the exchange rate at the close of trading, the variable Close, is 0.2704 meaning that one shekel bought $0.2704. The dates range from July 3, 2023 to December 29, 2023. There is also a variable T representing the time trend which ranges from 1 (the first day of trading in the data set) to 130. I retrieved these data from the Wall Street Journal. a) What is the mean of Close (the value at the close of trading on the market)? [a_pt2648]. b) What is the standard deviation of Close? [b_pt0085]. c) Plot the exchange rate against the time trend T. Choose the best statement (i) the exchange rate (Close) shows an upward trend throughout this time period (ii) the exchange rate shows a downward trend throughout this time period (iii) the exchange shows shows an upward trend and then later a downward trend so that the pattern resembles a ^ or inverted V (iv) the exchange rate shows a downward trend followed by an upward trend so that the pattern resembles a V. [c_iv]. d) Create a lag value for the exchange rate Close. You can use code such as this, mydata$LClose[2:130] = mydata$Close[1:129] , to create the variable. You can use the head() function to print the first few rows of your data set and check that this work as you intended. Regress Close on its lagged value. Is the estimated coefficient on the lag of Close statistically significantly different from 1 at the 0.05 level of significance? [d_no]. e) Test for autocorrelation using the test we conducted during the course. Based on this test and an alpha of 0.05 do you reject or fail to reject the hypothesis that the errors are not correlated? [e_fail]. On October 7, 2023 a group known as Hamas attacked Israel. There was no foreign exchange trading on that day. There was trading on October 6, T=70, and then trading resumed on October 9, T=71. For the plot you created in part (c) you can impose a line separating the before and after October 7 points by using the following line after the plot command, abline(v=70.5, col="red", lty=3, lwd=2). The line may help you visualize the impact of the attack on the exchange rate. f) Create an indicator variable that is 1 for T>=71 and 0 for T
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