Cоnsequences оf Glоbаl Wаrming The world hаs experienced a temperature rise of about 0.6 degrees Celsius in the past century. This change may sound minor, and on a local or regional basis, it is. However, on a global scale, an increase of more than 2 degrees Celsius would be enough to melt polar ice and raise sea levels significantly. Scientists have already detected noticeable reductions in the polar ice caps. Unless massive dikes were built against rising oceans, rising sea levels could, by the end of the 21st century, flood coastal areas, many of which are environmentally sensitive and heavily populated. New York, Miami, and Los Angeles could all be under water. In addition to flooding, a warming trend might alter patterns of global rainfall and farming. For instance, the grain belts of the central United States and central Asia might become much drier and unable to support the crops currently grown there. Furthermore, forested areas in semiarid zones could lose their trees and become deserts. Overall, large amounts of habitat would be altered by rapid global warming, and in many cases, these changes could seriously impair efforts to reduce species loss. For instance, warming by 2 degrees Celsius would probably be intolerable for many species found in high-mountain areas. One computer model predicts that nearly 60% of the species of small mammals presently inhabiting mountain peaks in the Great Basin in the western United States could be lost because they would be unable to migrate to colder areas. A growing body of research has found numerous species already struggling to adapt to warmer temperatures: A spotted butterfly in California has changed its migration patterns, songbirds on the East Coast are losing habitat, and penguin populations are shrinking as seas warm up and food sources change. Similarly, global warming will probably have a serious impact on biodiversity in reserves and other areas that are currently protected. Alterations in these habitats may make them uninhabitable for many threatened species whose survival depends on them. At present, the growing body of research into global warming has led scientists to acknowledge the rapid onset of climate change. The ongoing impacts and future implications of global warming have become one of the top environmental issues investigated. Some researchers have already called for drastic cuts in the use of fossil fuels to slow temperature increases. On the other hand, some researchers, business leaders, and government officials call for more data before any conclusions are reached about whether the atmospheric increases are mainly from human sources and whether the increases have actually caused the temperature rise. Skeptics point out that Earth has a long history of severe climate shifts, none of which was caused by humans. Others raise the possibility that smoke and increased cloud cover from fossil fuel consumption and deforestation may decrease warming by reducing the amount of solar heat that reaches Earth’s surface. Despite these uncertainties, however, a majority of scientists and world leaders have concluded that immediate steps to slow the warming trend are necessary to prevent catastrophic global change. Campbell, Reece et al., Biology, Concepts & Connections, 4th ed., 2003. What is the function of this sentence in paragraph 1? “For instance, the grain belts of the central United States and central Asia might become much drier and unable to support the crops currently grown there.”
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