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When evaluating debilitating pain in an adult ruminant which of the following parameters should be considered evidence of pain: A. Temperature B. Heart Rate C. Bruxism D. Vocallization

Which of the following is true of Clostridium perfringens?

You are asked to examine an aborted bovine fetus and associated fetal membranes from a cow in Wyoming. During your examination of the placenta you observe areas between the cotyledons which are thickened and cracked resembling a leather. You also notice a thick yellowish exudate in the same area. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

You are presented with a 6-month-old steer with epiphora (excessive lacrimation), blepharospasm, with a central corneal opacity and ulcer. What is your diagnosis and what is the etiologic agent?

The pear-shaped flagellated protozoan parasite responsible for early embryonic death, repeat breeding and small calf crops in cattle is ___________.

The most common cause of infertility in mares is which of the following?

Infection with which bacteria can cause significant anemia leading to signs of weakness and depression in some camelids, but is otherwise commonly subclinical (asymptomatic)?

Regarding cystic ovarian disease in cattle which of the following statements is correct?

You are presented with a 2-week-old Angus heifer calf with a history of umbilical swelling and recumbency. At presentation, the calf is laterally recumbent and 12% dehydrated with severely injected sclera. Ultrasound of the umbilicus reveals an enlarged umbilical vein that extends to the liver, but the swelling stops prior to the liver. You diagnose omphalophlebitis. What is the next best course of action for this patient?

It is 2040 and you have discovered a method for weighing a stallion’s testicular tissue without having to remove them from the body. Which of the following corresponds to the expected number of sperm the stallion could producue?