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In addition to national origin encompassing an employee’s place of birth, it also includes ethnic characteristics or origins, but it does not include physical, linguistic, or cultural traits closely associated with a national origin group.

Mary was employed by Cheetah Consultancy. While off duty, she participated in a rally protesting U.S. participation in the Iraq war. When Mary’s supervisor (Bob) learned that Mary had participated in the rally, he decided not to promote her in the upcoming financial year. Which of the following statements is true of this scenario?

“Glass walls” refer to:

The Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act:

In an employment–agency relationship, if an agent acts beyond his or her authority, the principal is not liable for any resulting loss to a third party.

In employment law, “glass ceilings” are the invisible, artificial and attitudinal barriers in the workplace. 

Mary and Bob are part of the cheese production team at the Heath Dairy. All of the team members share a harmonious work relationship. However, a calendar featuring a semi-nude woman in a sexually suggestive pose on Bob’s desk makes Mary uncomfortable. She asks Bob to remove it, but Bob does not oblige, insisting that he has been getting that same brand of calendar for five years and sees no reason to replace it now. To file and prevail on a sexual harassment claim, Mary must prove that:

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 permits employer actions that discriminate based on race-linked illness.

Anna City Hospital, a private hospital, employs five workers of Middle Eastern descent in its maintenance department. Though they were told that they would be performing different tasks on a rotation basis, the maintenance supervisor assigns only the five of them, out of the total 20 maintenance employees, to clean the morgue and the basement every time. Although they requested the hospital’s management to change their duties, no changes were made. Which of the following holds true in this case?

Under the common-law agency test, the most critical factor in determining employee status is whether a(n):