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A 55-year-old woman who tested positive for Sars-CoV-2 presents with complete anosmia, but reports no respiratory symptoms. After three weeks, she experiences her first olfactory sensations and her sense of smell returns after two months. Which cell in this image of olfactory epithelium stained with H&E functions as a stem cell to restore olfaction in this patient? 

A 63 yo woman with 40 prior pack-years of smoking has been referred to the UF Health Pulmonary Clinic; she presents with exertional dyspnea. She has had 3 prior hospitalizations in the last year for COPD exacerbations, and she is managed with a combined albuterol and ipratropium inhaler. On exam, oxygen saturation is 91% on room air and lungs are clear to auscultation. Office spirometry demonstrates an FEV1 = 1.23 L (35% predicted) with FEV1/FVC ratio = 0.55 and 13% improvement in FEV1 after bronchodilator administration. The chest roentgenogram shows apical bullous changes and hyperinflation without parenchymal disease. What is the next best step in the management of this patient?

During a flight, the cabin becomes ‘depressurized’ at cruising altitude (about 33,000ft above sea level) causing a decrease in partial pressure of oxygen. Oxygen masks descend from above, and you quickly place one on yourself. The person next to you was not as quick and they fainted. You quickly place his mask on, and he wakes up a bit groggy, but fine. What caused the person faint when the cabin depressurized?

What do diphtheria toxin and pertussis toxin have in common?

A non-ambulatory, 12 yo boy presents to the UF Health Peds clinic with muscular dystrophy, scoliosis, and hypoxemia. He appears to have no intrinsic lung or heart disease as his chest radiograph and echocardiogram results are within normal parameters. The most likely cause of the hypoxemia is:

An otherwise healthy 28 yo man is wheeled into the UF Health OR for a scheduled procedure to correct his deviated septum. Prior to being anesthetized, a masked is placed on his face that is a 70:30 mix of nitrogen and oxygen, respectively. His PaCO2 is 40 mm Hg and his A/a gradient is 5 mm Hg. Assuming there is no leakage around the mask, what is his PaO2 (mm Hg)?

A 58 yo man is referred to the Pulmonary Clinic for shortness of breath. He was a construction worker in NYC for a number of years, and spent eight years working at the World Trade Center site, post 9/11. He recently retired and moved to Gainesville to be closer to his daughter. He is a social drinker and takes a diuretic (Lasix) for blood pressure control. BMI = 27. BP = 135/95 mm Hg. Heart rate = 85 bpm. Respiratory rate = 20 bpm. PFT generated the following values; FEV = 3.4 L and the FEV1 = 3.1 L. He is given Albuterol and the PFT is repeated; the same results are obtained. Given this information you would predict that his lung compliance is closest to which value (L/cm H2O)?

A 47 year old male presents to his primary care physician complaining of dyspnea and fatigue. He is a non-smoker and works as an accountant at a local small business. He has no history of allergies or asthma and has no pets. The primary orders a chest X-ray, which demonstrates multiple opacities in both lobes of the lungs. This is followed by a CT of the chest with contrast which reveals multiple bilateral lung nodules, measuring up to 3 centimeters in size. There is also a lytic lesion seen in T7. CT guided biopsy of the bone lesion reveals numerous glandular forming cells that stain positive for CK7 and TTF1. He is diagnosed with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the lung. What actionable mutation is most likely to be found in this patients tumor?

A 22 yo male presents complaining of shortness of breath, cough, and wheezing. He has no past medical history. He thinks he caught a cold because all his friends have the same symptoms. He takes no medications. You listen to his lungs and he has wheezing. His vital signs are normal. His chest X-ray is normal. You order spirometry and the results are as follow: FVC: 5 L (98% predicted), FEV1: 4L (80 % of predicted), and FEV1/FVC ratio 65%. After administering a short acting bronchodilator to the patient, spirometry is repeated and the results are as follows: FVC: 5.1 L (99% of predicted) and FEV1 4.1 L (81% of predicted). What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 67 yo man is referred to the Pulmonary Clinic for acute shortness of breath. He is a recently retired accountant and has never smoked. PFT produces the following clinical measures for someone of his age, gender, and height; Measurement                   Value (L)              % of Predicted ValueFVC                                        3.9                          70%FEV1                                      2.4                          61%FEV1/FVC                            62%                       64% After administration of albuterol, the same values are attained. Which of the following condition would best describe these clinical data?