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________ are payments made to groups or individuals when no good or service is received in return.

It is difficult to determine when the economy is turning up or down because of a(n) ________ lag.

Use the following example to answer the next five questions.Imagine that Stella deposits $25,000 in currency (which she had been storing in her closet) into her checking account at the bank. Assume that this institution and others like it have a required reserve ratio of 25%.In the long run, by how much will the total amount of funds available for loans throughout the banking system increase as a result of this deposit?

________ outlays include spending that can be changed when the government is setting its annual budget.

The Economic Stimulus Act of 2008 focused on ________, whereas the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 focused on ________.

It takes time for the complete effects of monetary and fiscal policy to materialize, because there is a(n) ________ lag between setting fiscal policy and seeing its effects.

Which of the following events could cause inflation in the United States—a country that uses fiat money?

Automatic stabilizers are

The main disadvantage of fiat money compared to a barter system is that fiat money

To increase the money supply, the Federal Reserve could