Martin, who wants to sell a house he owns, authorizes his co…

Martin, who wants to sell a house he owns, authorizes his concierge, Wilhelm, to find a potential buyer and finalize a deal above a stipulated price. Wilhelm contracts Chris, a real estate broker, and instructs him to only find a potential buyer and send them over to Wilhelm for the sale. Martin then contracts ReNowait Goodhouses, a home improvement company to renovate the house. ReNowait completes its work and Martin pays them. Chris then searches for a suitable buyer and finds one in George. George buys the house and Chris is paid for his services. What sort of commercial relationship exists between Martin and Wilhelm?

Whistle Cabs, a taxi service company, has been ordered by th…

Whistle Cabs, a taxi service company, has been ordered by the traffic department to update its taximeters to digital ones. Whistle Cabs decides to contract with Running Electricals, who provides digital taximeters. But to acquire it on such short notice, Whistle Cabs approaches Goldmint Bank. Goldmint Bank purchases the taximeters and delivers them to Whistle Cabs. The contract with Goldmint Bank allows the taxi service company to use the taximeters for a period of time by providing monthly rentals until that period is completed. What is the nature of the contract made between Goldmint, Whistle Cab, and Running Electricals?

Stelwire LLC, a vintage car dealer, advertises the sale of a…

Stelwire LLC, a vintage car dealer, advertises the sale of a 1964 Ford Thunderbolt. Ralph responds to the advertisement with an offer of $80,000 for the car. Stelwire signs a written assurance to keep that offer open to Ralph for a fortnight. Five days before the fortnight is up, Stelwire sells the car to another buyer. At the end of the fortnight period, Ralph tenders $80,000 for the car, but the car has already been sold. Ralph then buys the same model car from another dealer for $90,000 and sues Stelwire for breach of contract. The court rules that Stelwire is liable to Ralph for breach of contract and orders Stelwire to pay Ralph the difference of $10,000 he paid extra to the second dealer for the car. Which of the following rules governs the execution of this contract?