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Case study #5 Listeria monocytogenes is a chemoheterotrophic facultative anaerobic Gram-positive bacterium that can act as a human pathogen or as a saprobe, depending on its environment. This bacillus-shaped cell is motile, moving with peritrichous flagella. This bacterium has a high salt tolerance and can multiply readily at 4 oC (refrigerator temperatures). L. monocytogenes is part of the normal gut microbiota of many farm animals, including cows. Deli meats, hot dogs, and unpasteurized cheese and milk are likely sources of this pathogen. Many antibiotics can be used to treat infection with L. monocytogenes, including drugs that target peptidoglycan biosynthesis, the small ribosomal subunit of bacteria, and folic acid biosynthesis.   What term(s) in the case study description supports your answer for what L. monocytogenes uses as a source of carbon and energy (what term(s) supports your answer to the previous question)?

A child falls and suffers a deep cut on her leg. The cut went through her skin and she is bleeding. Which of the following best describes the defense mechanisms will participate in eliminating contaminating microbes in this injury?

A child falls and suffers a deep cut on her leg. The cut went through her skin and she is bleeding. Which of the following best describes the defense mechanisms will participate in eliminating contaminating microbes in this injury?

Choose the statement that best describes the benefits of microbial antagonism to the human host.

Which of the following would be considered a symptom?

Choose the statement that best describes the benefits of microbial antagonism to the human host.

Which of the following would be considered a symptom?

Case study #1 NDM-1 is an enzyme that hydrolyzes and inactivates nearly all known β-lactam-class antibiotics. This enzyme requires a metallic ion, usually zinc, to catalyze the hydrolysis reaction. The gene encoding NDM-1 is found on a conjugative plasmid and is efficiently transferred to many Gram negative bacteria.   What term(s) in the case study description supports your understanding of the cellular target of these antibiotics (what term(s) supports your answer to the previous question)? 

PAMPs would be found on the surface of which of the following?

PAMPs would be found on the surface of which of the following?