John’s father was a lifelong smoker who died of lung cancer…

John’s father was a lifelong smoker who died of lung cancer at the age of 58. John’s son is also a smoker who fails to stop despite valid research on the dangers of smoking and several pleas from his loving family. John states “Just because my dad died of lung cancer doesn’t mean I will too. I eat a lot better than he did.” His failure to stop smoking may be explained using which theory in health promotion?