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In an unweathered sample of rock, the ratio of an unstable isotope to its stable daughter isotope is 1:15. If no daughters were present at the time the rock cooled below closure temperature, and the half-life of the isotope is 50 million years, how old is the rock?

Presently, Earth’s atmosphere is dominated by which two gases?

Which of the following minerals is more commonly known as table salt?

Biochemical limestones are dominated by carbonate mud and fragments of ________.

Clastic sedimentary rocks are primarily classified on the basis of ________.

Natural glass is NOT considered a mineral because it ________.

The way a mineral scatters light is a useful diagnostic property termed ________.

Bioturbation is the ________.

Grains become rounded primarily during ________.

The boundary between the crust and the mantle is marked by an abrupt change in seismic velocity called the ________.