Blog

A 78 y/o man with malaise presents with the following laboratory data. Additionally his urine shows amino aciduria and phosphaturia. Oliguria is not present. A renal biopsy was performed. Images (LM, IF and EM) are shown. What is the best diagnosis?  Test Patient result Reference interval Serum albumin 4.5 g/dL 3.5-5.0 BUN, serum 18 mg/dL 9-25 Creatinine, serum 1.5 mg/dL 0.5-1.2 Fasting serum glucose 85 mg/dL 70-99 Hemoglobin A1c 5.0%

Which of the following urinary bladder images represents a high-grade urothelial lesion? 

A 52 yo male with a longstanding history of diabetes and hypertension now has advanced kidney disease. He presents in the Nephrology Clinic to make preparations to initiate dialysis. Below are his laboratory data.  Current Reference range Serum creatinine, mg/dL 4.5 0.5-1.2 Blood urea nitrogen, mg/dL 45 8-20 Serum Potassium, meq/L 5.0 3.3-5.1 Serum Calcium, mg/dL          9.9 8.4-10.2 Serum Phosphate, mg/dL   6.0 2.7-4.5 Parathyroid Hormone, pg/mL 350 12-88 Serum Albumin, g/dL 4.0 3.5-5.2  Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient’s hyperphosphatemia in the setting of chronic kidney disease?

A 64-year-old man presents to your clinic for routine follow-up. His blood pressure is 123/87. His physical exam is unremarkable. You discuss the risks and benefits of PSA screening in detail with the patient, and he elects to proceed. His PSA result is 54.1. A biopsy reveals Gleason 5+5=10 prostate adenocarcinoma in twelve cores. Imaging, including a CT scan and bone scan, show no evidence of distant metastases. Which of the following are true regarding the treatment approach for this patient?

A 54-year-old man is coming to your clinic for “evaluation of renal function”. He has a history of heart failure, diabetes, and hypertension. You check his serum creatinine level. Which of the following is correct regarding use of serum creatinine level for estimation of renal function?

A hypertensive patient with diabetes has a bruit appreciated on auscultation on the left side of the abdomen. The electrocardiogram (ECG) displays a decrease in the T-wave amplitude suggestive of a reduced plasma potassium level. Predict the set of laboratory results consistent with these findings. (Note: Incr. = increased compared to the RI (reference interval); Nl = within the RI; Decr. = decreased compared to the RI.) 

A 6- year old boy presents to his pediatrician with a one month history of progressive abdominal pain and swelling. The physical examination reveals an enlarged right kidney. Radiography demonstrates a right kidney mass. A right nephrectomy is performed. The gross and light microscopic features are shown. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?  

A patient suffers a myocardial infarction and receives no acute therapy other than pain management. A few days later, the patient complains of increasing shortness of breath. On PE, there is pitting dependent edema, hepatomegaly, increased JVD and rales. How do you best explain these findings?

In MRP, “scheduled receipts” are: 

In the basic EOQ model, if D = 60 per month, S = $12, and H = $10 per unit per month, EOQ is: