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Thick- skinned rhinoceroses and elephants were once classified together as pachyderms (meaning “thick skin”). They actually descended from different ancestors that in turn evolved from a thin-skinned common ancestor that was not included in the pachyderms. Pachyderms were therefore, as a taxon,

If goats are crossed with sheep, embryos will form but cease development and spontaneously abort. This is an example of

What field of study uses geographic distribution of extinct and living species to determine patterns of evolution?

Rationalists, including especially Rene Descartes, maintain that:

This Theodicy maintains that evil exists so that humans may build their characters and prove themselves by overcoming it.

Relative to Oldowan tools, Acheulean stone tools:

Determine whether each sequence converges or diverges. If it converges, find the limit. If it diverges, explain why.  A).   

Cacti in the deserts of southwestern North America and some euphorbs of the deserts of Africa, have barrel-shaped stems, short-lived leaves, and spines, yet these two types of plants are from different evolutionary lineages. This is an example of

This philosopher argues that all alleged knowledge of causal relationships comes from observation of constant conjunctions between events.

The defects shown in these teeth are called ________________, which tell anthropologists that the individual underwent stress episodes, likely caused by nutritional deficiencies or diseases. Click to view enlarged image.