Author: Anonymous

What is the function of the B cell receptor?

Which phagocytic cells are the body’s first responders, arriving at the site of tissue damage and inflammation first?

CASE 5:  A 7-year-old boy is taken to the emergency room by his mother after she finds him unresponsive in his bed. She states that her son was sent home from school 3 days earlier after showing flu-like symptoms. He awoke the next morning with body aches, a cough, a sore throat, and a runny nose. After 2 days of taking over-the-counter children’s cold medicine, he had not improved. Upon arriving at the hospital, he is dehydrated, pale, and shaky. The physician notes that he is wheezing and has slight difficulty breathing. A chest X-ray indicates pneumonia of the right lung, which is subsequently determined to be viral. The rapid and intense onset of signs and symptoms following exposure to the virus suggests that the infection is _____.

CASE 5:  A 7-year-old boy is taken to the emergency room by his mother after she finds him unresponsive in his bed. She states that her son was sent home from school 3 days earlier after showing flu-like symptoms. He awoke the next morning with body aches, a cough, a sore throat, and a runny nose. After 2 days of taking over-the-counter children’s cold medicine, he had not improved. Upon arriving at the hospital, he is dehydrated, pale, and shaky. The physician notes that he is wheezing and has slight difficulty breathing. A chest X-ray indicates pneumonia of the right lung, which is subsequently determined to be viral. Molecular examination of the virus also reveals the presence of phospholipids. Based upon this information you can reasonably conclude that the virus _____.

CASE 2:  An 80-year-old male is transferred from a nursing home to the hospital because of a severe lower respiratory infection. He is experiencing chest pain, chills, fever, and shortness of breath. He has a productive cough (meaning that he is coughing up sputum). A Gram stain of the sputum reveals numerous short chains of purple cells. The Gram stain results suggest that the organism may be _____.

CASE 5:  A 7-year-old boy is taken to the emergency room by his mother after she finds him unresponsive in his bed. She states that her son was sent home from school 3 days earlier after showing flu-like symptoms. He awoke the next morning with body aches, a cough, a sore throat, and a runny nose. After 2 days of taking over-the-counter children’s cold medicine, he had not improved. Upon arriving at the hospital, he is dehydrated, pale, and shaky. The physician notes that he is wheezing and has slight difficulty breathing. A chest X-ray indicates pneumonia of the right lung, which is subsequently determined to be viral. Viral antigens are often unable to activate B-Cells directly. In this event, B-Cells will display viral antigens on their surface. The displayed antigens can then be recognized by _____, which activate the B-Cells and cause clonal expansion.

CASE 5:  A 7-year-old boy is taken to the emergency room by his mother after she finds him unresponsive in his bed. She states that her son was sent home from school 3 days earlier after showing flu-like symptoms. He awoke the next morning with body aches, a cough, a sore throat, and a runny nose. After 2 days of taking over-the-counter children’s cold medicine, he had not improved. Upon arriving at the hospital, he is dehydrated, pale, and shaky. The physician notes that he is wheezing and has slight difficulty breathing. A chest X-ray indicates pneumonia of the right lung, which is subsequently determined to be viral. The patient may have been able to avoid this illness if he had gotten the annual Flu Vaccine. Immunity obtained by vaccination would be considered both _____ and _____.

Why are narrow spectrum antibiotics recommended for use (instead of broad spectrum drugs) whenever possible?

Some other patients infected with the Hepatitis-B virus experience fatigue, loss of appetite, and additional signs and symptoms that last longer than 6 months (sometimes many years), eventually causing cirrhosis (scarring) of the liver or liver cancer. These infections are best described as:

CASE 3:  A missionary couple living in West Africa bring their 4-year old son to the nearest medical clinic. The child has bloody diarrhea, fever, and vomiting. The child’s mother reports that he has had these symptoms for the past 24 hours. A fecal specimen is taken and examined under the microscope. This particular organism can be identified in its trophozoite form due to the observed _____.