Bob has fallen on hard times, and decides to take drastic me…

Bob has fallen on hard times, and decides to take drastic measures to acquire some money. Accordingly, he calls Jack, an acquaintance from work whom he hates, and says, in a disguised voice, “I have your daughter with me and will kill her unless you deliver $100,000 in cash to [a designated address] in one hour.” Unbeknownst to Bob, Jack’s daughter is sitting in Jack’s office visiting him at work. Jack knows his daughter is safe, and is not the least bit worried about the threat that he has just received. Jack will be successful if he sues Bob for intentional infliction of emotional distress.

Roger is furious because Sam beat him in fantasy football. O…

Roger is furious because Sam beat him in fantasy football. One day, he sees Sam talking to Genevieve, assumes Sam is asking Genevieve out on a date, and decides to sabotage the date by telling Genevieve that he heard Sam is a terrible kisser. In actuality, Sam and Genevieve had not been discussing a date, but had been discussing a contract that they had entered into for the sale of pencils. Unfortunately, Genevieve realizes that she cannot possibly be involved in a contract with someone who might be a terrible kisser, so she breaches the contract with Sam, telling him that she is no longer interested in buying pencils from him. Sam will be successful if he sues Roger for intentional interference with contractual relations.

Wendy is driving her car, but is very busy texting instead o…

Wendy is driving her car, but is very busy texting instead of watching the road. She carelessly crashes into Caroline’s car. Unbeknownst to Wendy, Caroline’s trunk was filled with dynamite. The crash causes the dynamite to explode. Although Wendy and Caroline are miraculously okay, the explosion of dynamite causes the shattering of a window on the fourth floor of a nearby office building. Jake is walking on the sidewalk next to the building, and sustains cuts and other injuries from the falling and shattered glass. Which of the following represents Wendy’s liability to Jake?