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In the 1940’s and 1950’s, clinicians relied on observations of behavior as definitive evidence that prefrontal lobotomy was an effective treatment for schizophrenia and other severe disorders. But this was later found to be not true by scientists using controlled studies on the effectiveness of prefrontal lobotomy. This historical example demonstrates that _____________.

Vanessa enrolls in a sleep-assisted learning program to learn Spanish. Based on the textbook, what will likely happen:

Which of the following statements demonstrates the ultimate attribution error?

The parents of a 3-year-old girl say that she is having dreams about growing old with Alzheimer’s, as well as dreams about failing the SAT. These dreams would be in direct opposition to the arguments of the ­­­­­­____________ theory of dreams, and therefore the anecdotal evidence should be reviewed with healthy skepticism.

Peter’s soccer team is playing in the state championship. Peter is so focused on winning that when he sprained his ankle he didn’t feel any pain until after the game. Peter’s experience can be explained by ______.

Hazel is making a dessert that requires carefully heating a marshmallow (type of candy) on an open campfire. He carefully removes the candy from the flames of the campfire as soon as he notices the color of the candy changes from light gray to darker tan. Hazel’s sensory processing best fits which of the following concepts _______.

Nathan believes that all dreams have hidden meanings that represent our wishes repressed by our consciousness. Edgar believes that dreams only reflect the brain’s attempt to make sense of random and internally generated neural signals. Nathan will likely agree with the _____ theory and Edgar will likely agree with the _____ theory of dreams.

Nazis wrongly justified the persecution of Jewish people, claiming that the Jewish people were responsible for the intense economic crisis that Germany faced after WWI. Which of the following statements about the potential roots of prejudice aligns with the Nazis’ claim the BEST?

Salvador said to his friend “I can’t resist the urge to take a nap around 3pm every day. My biological clock is just wired that way.” His friend replied, “it sounds like your ___________  is doing a lot of work.”