Un pájaro está posado sobre una rama. Según la tercera ley d…

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Un pájаrо está pоsаdо sobre unа rama. Según la tercera ley de Newton, ¿cuál es la fuerza de reacción a la fuerza que el pájaro ejerce sobre la rama?

Accоunting fоr Leаses On Jаnuаry 3, Hanna Cоrporation signed a lease on a machine for its manufacturing operation and the lease commences on the same date. The lease requires Hanna to make six annual lease payments of $15,000 with the ﬁrst payment due December 31. Hanna could have ﬁnanced the machine by borrowing the purchase price at an interest rate of 7%. Prepare the journal entries for part a and post to the appropriate T-accounts. a. i. Operating Lease: Date Account Debit Credit Jan. 3 {#1} {#2} Dec. 31 {#3} {#4} Dec. 31 {#5} {#6} {#7} ii. Finance Lease: Date Account Debit Credit Jan. 3 {#8} {#9} Dec. 31 {#10} {#11} Dec. 31 {#12} {#13} {#14} b. i. Operating Lease: Cash {#15} {#16} {#17} {#18} Right-of-use Asset—Operating Lease {#19} {#20} {#21} {#22} Operating Lease Liability {#23} {#24} {#25} {#26} {#27} {#28} Lease Expense – Operating Lease {#29} {#30} {#31} {#32} ii. Finance Lease: Cash {#33} {#34} {#35} {#36} Right-of-use Asset–Finance Lease {#37} {#38} {#39} {#40} Accumulated Amortiz.–Finance Lease {#41} {#42} {#43} {#44} Finance Lease Liability {#45} {#46} {#47} {#48} {#49} Interest Expense {#50} {#51} {#52} {#53} Amortiz. Expense–Finance Lease {#54} {#55} {#56} {#57}

Recоrding Incоme Tаx Expense (FSET) Nike, Inc., repоrts the following tаx informаtion in the notes to its 2020 financial report. Income before income taxes is as follows: Year Ended May 31 (In millions) 2020 2019 2018 Income before income taxes: United States $2,954 $593 $744 Foreign (67) 4,208 3,581 Total income before income taxes $2,887 $4,801 $4,325 The provision for income taxes is as follows: Year Ended May 31 (In millions) 2020 2019 2018 Current: United States Federal $(109) $74 $1,167 State 81 56 45 Foreign 756 608 533 Total current 728 738 1,745 Deferred: United States Federal (231) (33) 595 State (47) (9) 25 Foreign (102) 76 27 Total deferred (380) 34 647 Total income tax $348 $772 $2,392 Nike also states the following: The effective tax rate for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2020, was lower than the effective tax rate for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2019, due to increased benefits from discrete items such as stock-based compensation. The foreign earnings rate impact shown above for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2020, includes withholding taxes of 6.5% and held for sale accounting items of 2.9%, offset by a benefit for statutory rate differences and other items of 3.5%.The foreign derived intangible income benefit reflects U.S. tax benefits introduced by the Tax Act for companies serving foreign markets. This benefit became available to the Company as a result of a restructuring of its intellectual property interests. Income tax audit and contingency reserves reflect benefits associated with the modification of the treatment of certain research and development expenditures of 2.9% offset by an increase related to the resolution of an audit by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) and other matters of 1.5%. Included in other is the deferral of income tax effects related to intra-entity transfers of inventory of 2.3% and other items of 0.6%. Required a. Record Nike’s provision for income taxes for 2020 using the financial statement effects template. b. Explain how the provision for income taxes affects Nike’s financial statements. c. Calculate Nike’s effective tax rate for 2020, 2019, and 2018. ● Note: Use negative signs with your answers, when appropriate. ● Note: Select "N/A" as your answer if a part of the accounting equation is not affected. a. Balance Sheet Income Statement Cash Noncash Contra Contributed Earned Contra Net Transaction Asset + Assets - Assets = Liabilities + Capital + Capital - Equity Revenue - Expenses = Income To record income tax expense. {#1} {#2} {#3} {#4} {#5} {#6} {#7} {#8} {#9} {#10} {#11} {#12} {#13} {#14} {#15} b. An expense of ${#16} million is recorded in the income statement, thereby reducing both net income and retained earnings. Liabilities are increased by ${#17} million, income taxes payable (assuming the amount due this year has not been paid yet) and liabilities are decreased (or assets are increased) by the ${#18} million shown above as a decrease in deferred income tax liabilities. c. Year Numerator Denominator Result 2018: ${#19} ÷ ${#20} = 2019: ${#21} ÷ ${#22} = 2020: ${#23} ÷ ${#24} =

Cаlculаting аnd Repоrting Incоme Tax Expense (FSET) Carter Inc. began оperations in 2022. The company reported $104,000 of depreciation expense on its 2022 income statement and $102,400 in 2023. Carter Inc. deducted $112,000 for depreciation on its tax return in 2022 and $97,600 in 2023. The company reports a tax obligation of $36,120 for 2023 based on a tax rate of 25%. REQUIRED Prepare the journal entry to record income tax expense for 2023 and post the entry to the appropriate T-accounts Date Account Debit Credit Year 2023 {#1} {#2} {#3} ●Note: Enter your answers, in transaction order, in the first open field of the appropriate column in each account. Deferred tax asset {#4} {#5} Deferred tax liability {#6} {#7} Income taxes payable {#8} {#9} Income tax expense {#10} {#11}

Cоmputing аnd Repоrting Deferred Incоme Tаxes Fisk, Inc., purchаsed $480,000 of construction equipment on January 1, 2022. The equipment is being depreciated on a straight-line basis over six years with no expected salvage value. MACRS depreciation is being used on the ﬁrm’s tax returns. At December 31, 2024, the equipment’s book value is $240,000, and its tax basis is $138,400. (This is Fisk’s only temporary diﬀerence.) Over the next three years, straight-line depreciation will exceed MACRS depreciation by $24,800 in 2025, $24,800 in 2026, and $52,000 in 2027. Assume that the income tax rate in eﬀect for all years is 25%. a. What amount of deferred tax liability should appear in Fisk’s December 31, 2024, balance sheet? ${#1} b. What amount of deferred tax liability should appear in Fisk’s December 31, 2025, balance sheet? ${#2} c. What amount of deferred tax liability should appear in Fisk’s December 31, 2026, balance sheet? ${#3} d. Where should the deferred tax liability accounts be classiﬁed in Fisk’s balance sheets? {#4}

Anаlyzing Leаse Disclоsures Americаn Airlines Grоup, Inc. (the Cоmpany), provides the following disclosures in the notes to their 2020 ﬁnancial statements (excerpted for brevity): 4. Leases The Company leases certain aircraft and engines, including aircraft under capacity purchase agreements. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had 641 leased aircraft, with remaining terms ranging from less than one year to 12 years. December 31 2020 2019 Operating leases: Operating lease ROU assets $7,994 $8,694 Current operating lease liabilities $1,641 $1,695 Noncurrent operating lease liabilities 6,739 7,388 Total operating lease liabilities $8,380 $9,083 Finance leases: Property and equipment, at cost $1,021 $954 Accumulated amortization (539) (447) Property and equipment, net $482 $507 Current finance lease liabilities $100 $112 Noncurrent finance lease liabilities 472 558 Total finance lease liabilities $572 $670 The components of lease expense were as follows (in millions): Year Ended December 31 2020 2019 2018 Operating lease cost $1,943 $2,012 $1,889 Finance lease cost: Amortization of assets 92 79 78 Interest on lease liabilities 38 43 48 Variable lease cost 1,786 2,542 2,353 Total net lease cost $3,859 $4,676 $4,368 a. What is the right-of-use asset for operating leases as of the end of 2020? ${#1} million. b. What is the net asset recorded for ﬁnance leases? ${#2} milllion. c. What is the lease liability balance for operating leases as of the end of 2020? What does this amount represent? ${#3} million. The amount is the {#4} of the remaining lease payments. d. What is the amount of amortization expense recorded in 2020 for ﬁnance leases? For operating leases? ${#5} million for finance leases. ${#6} million for operating leases. e. What is the amount of interest expense recorded in 2020 for ﬁnance leases? For operating leases? ${#7} million for finance leases. ${#8} million for operating leases.

Cаlculаting аnd Repоrting Incоme Tax Expense (FSET) Lynch Cоmpany began operations in 2022. The company reported $36,000 of depreciation expense on its income statement in 2022 and $39,000 in 2023. On its tax returns, Lynch deducted $48,000 for depreciation in 2022 and $55,500 in 2023. The 2023 tax return shows a tax obligation (liability) of $18,000 based on a 25% tax rate. a. Determine the temporary difference between the book value of depreciable assets and the tax basis of these assets at the end of 2022 and 2023. b. Calculate the deferred tax liability for each year. c. Calculate the income tax expense for 2023. d. Record the company’s provision for income taxes for 2023 using the financial statement effects template. a. 2022: ${#1} 2023: ${#2} b. 2022: ${#3} 2023: ${#4} c. ${#5} d. Balance Sheet Income Statement Cash Noncash Contra Contributed Earned Contra Net Transaction Asset + Assets - Assets = Liabilities + Capital + Capital - Equity Revenue - Expenses = Income To record income tax expense. {#6} {#7} {#8} {#9} {#10} {#11} {#12} {#13} {#14} {#15} {#16} {#17} {#18} {#19} {#20}

Cоmputing аnd Repоrting Deferred Incоme Tаxes Eаrly in January 2022, Oler, Inc., purchased equipment costing $12,800. The equipment had a 2-year useful life and was depreciated in the amount of $6,400 in 2022 and 2023. Oler deducted the entire $12,800 on its tax return in 2022. This diﬀerence was the only one between its tax return and its ﬁnancial statements. Oler’s income before depreciation expense and income taxes was $188,800 in 2022 and $196,000 in 2023. The tax rate in each year was 25%. REQUIRED i. Prepare the journal entries to record income taxes for 2022 and 2023. Date Account Debit Credit Year 2022 {#1} {#2} {#3} Year 2023 {#4} {#5} {#6} ii. Prepare the journal entries to record income taxes for 2022 and 2023 if in 2022 the U.S. enacts a permanent tax rate change to be eﬀective in 2023; the rate will increase to 35%. Date Account Debit Credit Year 2022 {#7} {#8} {#9} Year 2023 {#10} {#11} {#12}

Anаlyze Cоmmitment аnd Cоntingency Disclоsures Cisco Systems, Inc. (the Compаny), reports the following in the Commitments and Contingencies note to their 10-K for the year ended July 2020. Purchase Commitments with Contract Manufacturers and Suppliers We purchase components from a variety of suppliers and use several contract manufacturers to provide manufacturing services for our products. During the normal course of business, in order to manage manufacturing lead times and help ensure adequate component supply, we enter into agreements with contract manufacturers and suppliers that either allow them to procure inventory based upon criteria as defined by us or establish the parameters defining our requirements. A significant portion of our reported purchase commitments arising from these agreements consists of firm, noncancelable, and unconditional commitments. Certain of these purchase commitments with contract manufacturers and suppliers relate to arrangements to secure long-term pricing for certain product components for multi-year periods. In certain instances, these agreements allow us the option to cancel, reschedule, and adjust our requirements based on our business needs prior to firm orders being placed. As of July 25, 2020, and July 27, 2019, we had total purchase commitments for inventory of $4.4 billion and $5.0 billion, respectively. We record a liability for firm, noncancelable, and unconditional purchase commitments for quantities in excess of our future demand forecasts consistent with the valuation of our excess and obsolete inventory. As of July 25, 2020, and July 27, 2019, the liability for these purchase commitments was $141 million and $129 million, respectively, and was included in other current liabilities. a. What eﬀect does the use of contract manufacturers have on the Company’s balance sheet? The use of contract manufacturers {#1} most of {#2} from the balance sheet. Sales are {#3}. PPE turnover is {#4}. b. Assuming an interest rate of 4% and payments due in 1 year of $3.4 billion and in years 2-5, $250 million, what is the present value of these commitments as of July 2020? ● Note: Enter the answer rounded to two digits after the decimal. ${#5} billion c. What amount does the Company state that it has accrued as a liability as of July 2020? ${#6} million.

Interpreting Finаnce аnd Operаting Leases (FSET) Target Cоrpоratiоn (the Company) disclosed the following in the notes to their fiscal year 2020 10-K. Leases (millions) Classification Jan. 30, 2021 Feb. 1, 2020 Assets Operating Operating lease assets $2,227 $2,236 Finance Buildings and improvements, net of accumulated depreciation(a) 1,504 1,180 Total leased assets $3,731 $3,416 Liabilities Current Operating Accrued and other current liabilities $211 $200 Finance Current portion of long-term debt and other borrowings 88 67 Noncurrent Operating Noncurrent operating lease liabilities 2,218 2,275 Finance Long-term debt and other borrowings 1,766 1,303 Total lease liabilities $4,283 $3,845 Note: We use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. (a) Finance lease assets are recorded net of accumulated amortization of $550 million and $441 million as of January 30, 2021, and February 1, 2020, respectively. Lease Cost (millions) Classification 2020 2019 2018 Operating lease cost(a) SG&A expenses $332 $287 $251 Finance lease cost Amortization of leased assets Depreciation and amortization(b) 105 82 65 Interest on lease liabilities Net interest expense 62 51 42 Sublease income(c) Other revenue (11) (13) (11) Net lease cost $488 $407 $347 (a) 2020 includes $44 million of short-term leases and variable lease costs. Short-term and variable lease costs were insignificant for 2019 and 2018. (b) Supply chain-related amounts are included in Cost of Sales. (c) Sublease income excludes rental income from owned properties of $48 million, $48 million, and $47 million for 2020, 2019, and 2018, which is included in Other Revenue. Maturity of Lease Liabilities (millions) Operating Leases(a) Finance Leases(b) Total Year 2021 $289 $152 $441 Year 2022 290 159 449 Year 2023 283 158 441 Year 2024 269 155 424 Year 2025 256 154 410 After 2025 1,694 1,687 3,381 Total lease payments $3,081 $2,465 $5,546 Less: Interest 652 611 Present value of lease liabilities $2,429 $1,854 (a) Operating lease payments include $847 million related to options to extend lease terms that are reasonably certain of being exercised and exclude $231 million of legally binding minimum lease payments for leases signed but not yet commenced. (b) Finance lease payments include $160 million related to options to extend lease terms that are reasonably certain of being exercised and exclude $1.1 billion of legally binding minimum lease payments for leases signed but not yet commenced. REQUIRED ● Note: Do not use a negative sign with your answers. a. What is the right-of-use asset for operating leases as of the end of ﬁscal 2020? ${#1} million. b. What is the net asset recorded for ﬁnance leases at the end of ﬁscal 2020? ${#2} million. c. What is the lease liability balance for operating leases as of the end of ﬁscal 2020? What does this amount represent? ${#3} million. The amount is the {#4} of the remaining lease payments. d. What is the amount of amortization expense recorded in 2020 for ﬁnance leases? ${#5} million. e. What is the amount of interest expense recorded in 2020 for ﬁnance leases? ${#6} million. f. What is recorded on the income statement for operating leases? {#7} ${#8} million. g. Assume the lease payment for 2020 for ﬁnance leases is $125 million. Report the entries for 2020 (year ended February 2, 2021) for ﬁnance leases, using the ﬁnancial statement eﬀects template. ● Note: Use negative signs with your answers, when appropriate. ● Note: Select "N/A" as your answer if a part of the accounting equation is not affected. ($ millions) Balance Sheet Income Statement Cash Noncash Contributed Earned Net Transaction Asset + Assets = Liabilities + Capital + Capital Revenue - Expenses = Income To record amortization of asset {#9} {#10} {#11} {#12} {#13} {#14} {#15} {#16} {#17} To record interest and cash payment {#18} {#19} {#20} {#21} {#22} {#23} {#24} {#25} {#26} {#27} {#28} {#29} {#30} h. The Company has reported total assets for 2020 (year ended January 30, 2021) of $51,248, total liabilities of $36,808, and equity of $14,440. Explain the eﬀect on debt-to-equity from having the operating leases “on-balance sheet.” Debt-to-equity Numerator ($ millions) Denominator ($ millions) Result With operating leases on-balance sheet ${#31} ÷ ${#32} = With operating leases off-balance sheet ${#33} ÷ ${#34} = Debt-to-equity is {#35} when the operating leases are capitalized.