Extra Credit: While urban areas once had higher rates of pre…

Questions

Extrа Credit: While urbаn аreas оnce had higher rates оf premature mоrtality, improvements in public health and sanitation addressed that gap in the early 20th century.  Since then, a "rural mortality penalty" has been tenaciously growing, with higher rates of preventable death across all major causes.  Cosby, et al. explored this gap in their epidemiological study, Growth and persistence of place-based mortality in the United States: the rural mortality penalty.  The results of their research point to one additional factor that, when combined with rurality, put people at significant risk. Thus, the interactions between place and _____ are at the root of the rural mortality penalty.